At the beginning of 2015, the DOE succeeded in wresting a preliminary agreement from Idaho’s Governor and Attorney General to allow two shipments of “research quantities” of commercial spent nuclear fuel into Idaho. The proposal, if implemented, will almost certainly open the state to substantially more nuclear waste in the near future.
Imports of commercial spent fuel are banned by the 1995 Settlement Agreement, which was reached after decades of nuclear waste shipments into Idaho raised opposition throughout the state. The framework for “research quantities” of spent fuel was set in a 2011 memorandum of agreement between the Idaho National Laboratory and the State.
The new deal – two 25-rod shipments within the year – immediately raised concerns about lowering Idaho’s shield against more nuclear waste. But the Department of Energy and its contractor Battelle countered with the assurance that the quantities involved were oh-so-small: about 100 pounds per shipment. Even so, former Idaho governors Cecil Andrus and Phil Batt spoke out against the new move, and Mr. Batt noted: “You take an ounce of the waste from the federal government, they want to give you 10,000 pounds. And they always say they’ll move it out, but they won’t.”
In round numbers, Mr. Batt’s words were both a statement of fact and a prophecy undoubtedly already known to key players in Idaho.
The Department of Energy and its contractor Battelle want to ship commercial spent fuel from Dominion’s nuclear power station in Virginia to the Idaho National Laboratory.
One of the proposed shipments contains 25 spent fuel rods from the North Anna nuclear power plant in Virginia. They are called “sister rods.” They’ve been chosen from specific spots in the reactor core so they are representative of the whole. The 25 sister rods will come to Idaho for examinations that will establish the baseline for future studies. In the meantime, another 15 to 20 metric tons of spent fuel very similar to the sister rods will be stored in a cask at North Anna for about 10 years. According to the Final Test Plan, the cask will then be sent to an “off-site Fuel Examination Facility” and opened so its contents can be destructively examined.
Battelle has been building and modifying spent fuel facilities at INL for a number of years, which might attract both segments of the North Anna project, making Idaho a very likely target for the entire 15 to 20 tons, not just the first 100 pounds. All official discussions of the project avoid specific mention of when any pound or any ton of North Anna fuel, once here, might leave.
All the spent nuclear fuel rods that may come here are “high burnup,” meaning they were left in the reactor longer to increase the operators’ profit margin. The Nuclear Regulatory Commission has been approving the practice of higher burnup across the industry. But the cladding of the spent fuel produced may be less ductile and therefore more likely to crack. That makes storage and transportation difficult.
Virtually everyone involved in trying to solve this country’s nuclear waste problem recognizes a key impediment: no one trusts the federal government’s ability or even its intention to live up to its commitments. The current situation is a perfect illustration. The government gave the go-ahead to practices that might make nuclear waste even more difficult to handle. And now the government wants to back away from its promise to spare Idaho from increasing commercial spent nuclear fuel storage.
Battelle representatives explained the entire North Anna proposal reasonably thoroughly to members of Governor Otter’s Leadership in Nuclear Energy Commission on September 26, 2013 (www.youtube.com/watch?v=msgIVRXlzog). It’s a familiar story of unacknowledged risks and unfulfilled commitments. Everyone in Idaho should listen again.